What is the relation between politics and globalization? - Ju yewon

 1. Summary

Political globalization is a multi-dimensional and accelerated political organization that transcends the boundaries of the nation-state, a phenomenon that focuses on de-national and transnational processes and recognizes the compression of space and time. This globalization can be understood as a tension between the three key interaction processes that create a complex global political sphere.

First, global geopolitics involves democracies spreading globally and establishing themselves as a universal form of government. However, this forms a multipolar competitive structure that is still challenged by other state-centered power centers, not the absolute superiority of the United States. Second, a global normative culture allows legal norms, such as human rights, to spread through global communication to structure national politics, pressure national sovereignty, and provide actors with new normative reference points. Third, a multicenter network is a form of post-territorial politics that is less relevant to the state and is not reduced to a normative culture. This manifests itself through the growth of global civil society centered on international non-governmental organizations, and builds new forms of governance in a number of places through loose coalitions and networks.

This globalization leads to four major social transformations. The nation-state does not disappear, but goes through a continuous transformation that shares sovereignty and transforms into a regulatory form, and its nationality and nationality are sometimes separated. The public sphere transforms from a state-centered to a cosmopolitan global public sphere framed by human rights or environmental issues. The civilization of politics, in which politics is achieved through partnerships with social actors, takes place, and the global civil society creates autonomy and community and leads multicenter governance. Finally, political space is understood as the tension between the space of flow and the space of place, and boundaries are transformed into multiple and de-territorialized forms amid simultaneous border dissolution and re-economicization.

In conclusion, political globalization creates a new dilemma around the tension between autonomy and fragmentation. It fosters a universal desire for democracy but causes a lack of democracy, promotes fragmentation through individualization, while opening up new cosmopolitan collectivities. Global civil society also provides new autonomy, but it also creates new instability and danger through the dark side of civil society that can be exploited by terrorists or organized crime. In this complexity, the place of political conflict is expanding around new issues such as the right to difference and individual-to-community.


2. Interesting point


The fact that political globalization does not just mean weakening the nation is the most intriguing. It was surprising that while globalization is frequently only understood as a contraction of national sovereignty, it is actually a process in which countries are transformed and reconstructed in new ways. For instance, some countries are increasing their influence by strengthening regulatory functions or utilizing international cooperation systems to better respond to the global market. In other words, the view that globalization is not the dissolution of the state, but the realignment of the state came to an interesting point.

Another interesting point is the paradoxical role of global civil society. The fact that actors without traditional political power have a real impact on global politics through shared norms and communication rather than military or economic power shakes the existing perception of power. This shows that politics today is not driven by a single authority but is shaped by the interaction of various actors and norms.

In the end, political globalization creates tension at the same time as new opportunities. It expands democratic values and the scope of political participation, while at the same time creating problems such as weakening national autonomy or instability of community identity. In this respect, politics in the era of globalization was no longer at a level, but it felt to be a complex process in which regional, national, and global dimensions overlapped at the same time.


3. Discussion


Should we view political globalization as a positive change that expands democracy, or as a dangerous force that weakens national governance and collective identity? If both aspects exist at the same time, what kind of political adjustment will be necessary in the future?

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