Politics & Globalization - LEE GEONYONG

 How globalization affects countries

Countries used to work alone. Now they have to work together. A problem in one country can spread to others quickly. Think about COVID-19. It started in one place but became everyone's problem in months.

Governments can't just think about their own people anymore. What happens in another country matters. The economy is connected. If factories close in China, people in America lose jobs. If Europe makes new rules, companies in Korea have to follow them.

Countries form groups to solve problems together. The UN tries to keep peace. The WHO handles health issues. Trade agreements let products move between countries. Governments meet and make decisions that affect millions of people.

Climate change as a global issue

Climate change shows how politics became global. Pollution doesn't stop at borders. Carbon emissions from China affect the air in Seoul. Forests burning in Brazil impact the whole planet.

No single country can fix this alone. Rich countries produce most of the pollution but poor countries suffer more from floods and droughts. Everyone argues about who should pay. Who should cut emissions first? How much should each country do?

Countries meet every year to make climate deals. Some countries keep their promises. Others don't. It's messy and slow. But at least they're trying to work together.

Why politics is more complex now

Globalization makes everything harder for politicians. They have to please their own people but also work with other countries. Sometimes these two things conflict.

Trade is a good example. Opening borders helps the economy but some local workers lose jobs. Do you protect your people or join the global system?

Social media spreads information fast. A protest in one country inspires protests elsewhere. People compare their government to others. Politicians face more pressure from both inside and outside.

Power is more confusing too. Big companies like Apple or Amazon are richer than some countries. Can governments control them? International organizations make rules but countries don't always follow them.

Globalization means politicians can't just focus on home anymore. The world is watching. And the world affects them back.

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