What is the relation between politics and globalization? - 전진이 (Jeon Jin E)

 1) Summary

Delanty and Rumford are critical of the view that explains the relationship between politics and globalization as a simple weakening or extinction of state power. According to them, political globalization is not a process in which the state disappears, but a process in which politics operates and space are reconstructed. Political power is still exercised by the state, but the state is no longer the only center of politics.

The authors explain political globalization as three interactive processes. The first is global geopolitics, which shows that the state and the powerful remain key actors. The second is a global normative culture in which values such as human rights, the environment, and democracy are shared worldwide. This makes the criterion for judging political legitimacy formed in international discourse, not within the country. The third is a multi-central network such as global civil society, which is an area where political action and solidarity take place outside the country.

These three elements do not exist separately from each other but coexist in tension and conflict. Rather than creating a single unified global political order, political globalization creates a complex situation in which politics unfolds simultaneously in multiple layers and spaces. Therefore, globalization is not the end of politics, but a condition in which the form and meaning of politics change.


2) What Was New and Interesting: The 'Cultural Standardization' of Politics

What I found most interesting while reading this article was the explanation that politics is gradually changing into an area evaluated by cultural and normative standards. In particular, the concept of global normative culture clearly shows that politics is not simply a matter of power or institution, but a matter of cultural consensus over what is 'just' and 'universal'.

For example, national policies or actions are no longer difficult to explain only with domestic political logic and are interpreted in the global discourse of human rights or international norms. This means that politics is becoming globalized and moralized and culturalized at the same time. Individuals are also required to make political judgments from the position of being not just citizens but global citizens. I think this point of view shows that politics, culture, and globalization are not separate areas but deeply intertwined with each other.


3) Question of Problem and Discussion: Whose is the democracy of globalized politics?

Meanwhile, this article leaves some important questions. First, it is a question of whose values and experiences the global normative culture really reflects. Human rights and democracy are presented as universal values, but in reality, it is questionable whether the standards of countries with specific historical and cultural backgrounds are working as global standards.

Second, when global civil society and network politics expand democracy, the question of who they are responsible for remains. Unlike national politics, when the structure of elections, representation, and responsibility is unclear, it seems necessary to further discuss how global civil society can secure political legitimacy.

Finally, it is also ambivalent that political globalization weakens the autonomy of the state and at the same time requires more moral responsibility and choice for individuals. This expands the possibility of political participation and at the same time risks working in a way that transfers the political burden to individuals. In this respect, I think political globalization is a process that implies both the possibility of liberation and new inequality.


Conclusion

The relationship between politics and globalization cannot simply be judged by whether the state power has weakened or strengthened. Globalization expands the space of politics, changes standards, and introduces new actors. Delanty and Rumford's discussion makes us understand political globalization as a process that continues to be reconstructed in tension and conflict, not as a complete result. This point of view is meaningful in that it allows us to simultaneously critically look at the possibilities and limitations of globalized politics.




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